【什么是定语从句英语语法】在学习英语的过程中,很多学生都会遇到“定语从句”这个概念。虽然听起来有点复杂,但其实它并不难理解。那么,“什么是定语从句英语语法”呢?今天我们就来详细讲解一下。
首先,我们要明确一个基本概念:定语从句是英语中一种用来修饰名词或代词的从句。它的作用相当于中文中的“的”,用来说明前面的名词是什么样的、属于什么类别等。比如,在句子“the book that I bought is very interesting”中,“that I bought”就是一个定语从句,用来修饰“book”。
接下来,我们来具体分析一下定语从句的结构和用法。
一、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句通常由一个关系词引导,常见的有:who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why 等。这些关系词在从句中充当一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等。
例如:
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.(“who is standing there”修饰“man”)
- The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(“which I borrowed from the library”修饰“book”)
二、关系词的使用规则
1. that:可以指人也可以指物,常用于限制性定语从句中。
- The girl that is talking to Tom is my sister.
2. which:通常指物,也可以指整个句子。
- The car which we saw yesterday is very expensive.
3. who/whom:指人,其中“who”作主语,“whom”作宾语。
- The boy who won the race is my friend.
- The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.
4. whose:表示所属关系,既可以指人也可以指物。
- The student whose homework is not finished will be punished.
5. when/where/why:用于时间、地点和原因的定语从句。
- The day when we met was unforgettable.
- The place where I grew up is very beautiful.
- The reason why he left is still unknown.
三、定语从句的类型
根据是否对先行词进行限定,定语从句可以分为两类:
1. 限制性定语从句(Restrictive Relative Clause)
这种从句对先行词起限定作用,不能省略,否则会影响句子的完整性。
- The man who is wearing a red hat is my father.
2. 非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Relative Clause)
这种从句是对先行词的补充说明,通常用逗号隔开,即使省略也不会影响句子的完整性。
- My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit us.
四、定语从句的常见错误
1. 误用关系词:比如把“which”用于指人,或者把“that”用于非限制性从句。
- 错误:The girl that is dancing is my friend.(应改为“who”)
- 正确:The girl who is dancing is my friend.
2. 遗漏关系词:有时会忘记在从句前加“that”或“which”。
- 错误:I saw the man stood at the door.
- 正确:I saw the man who stood at the door.
3. 混淆“that”与“which”:在正式写作中,“that”通常用于限制性从句,“which”用于非限制性从句。
- 正确:The book that I read is interesting.
- 正确:The book, which I read last week, is interesting.
五、总结
“什么是定语从句英语语法”其实是一个关于如何更准确地表达语言意思的问题。通过掌握定语从句的结构、关系词的使用以及不同类型的区别,我们可以让自己的英语表达更加地道、自然。希望本文能帮助你更好地理解和运用定语从句,提升你的英语水平。


