【subtraction】Subtraction is one of the fundamental operations in mathematics, used to find the difference between two numbers. It involves removing a quantity from another to determine what remains. This operation is represented by the minus sign (−) and is essential in everyday calculations, such as managing money, measuring distances, or solving more complex mathematical problems.
In basic arithmetic, subtraction follows certain rules and properties that help ensure accurate results. Understanding these principles can improve problem-solving skills and reduce errors when performing calculations.
Summary of Key Concepts in Subtraction
- Definition: The process of taking one number away from another.
- Notation: Written as "a − b", where "a" is the minuend and "b" is the subtrahend.
- Result: The outcome is called the difference.
- Properties:
- Closure Property: The result of subtracting two numbers is always a number.
- Non-Commutative: Changing the order of numbers changes the result (e.g., 5 − 2 ≠ 2 − 5).
- Identity Element: Subtracting zero from a number leaves it unchanged (e.g., 7 − 0 = 7).
- Applications: Used in daily life for budgeting, measuring, and more advanced math like algebra and calculus.
Table: Basic Subtraction Facts
| Minuend | Subtrahend | Difference |
| 10 | 3 | 7 |
| 8 | 5 | 3 |
| 15 | 9 | 6 |
| 20 | 12 | 8 |
| 17 | 4 | 13 |
| 6 | 6 | 0 |
| 12 | 7 | 5 |
| 9 | 1 | 8 |
| 14 | 10 | 4 |
| 25 | 18 | 7 |
By mastering subtraction, individuals can build a strong foundation in mathematics, which is crucial for further learning and practical applications.
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