在高中英语学习过程中，动词短语是语法和词汇中的重点内容之一。它们不仅丰富了句子的表达方式，也对理解文章、提高写作和口语能力具有重要意义。本文将对常见的高中英语动词短语进行系统归纳，并结合练习题帮助学生巩固掌握。
一、常见动词短语分类与用法
1. 动词 + 副词（Phrasal Verbs with Adverbs）
这类动词短语由一个动词加上一个副词构成，通常表示具体动作或状态的变化。
- look after：照顾
- She looks after her younger brother every day.
- give up：放弃
- Don’t give up on your dreams.
- take off：起飞；脱下；取得成功
- The plane will take off in ten minutes.
- set up：建立；设立
- They set up a new company last year.
- put off：推迟
- We had to put off the meeting due to bad weather.
2. 动词 + 介词（Phrasal Verbs with Prepositions）
这类短语由动词加介词组成，常用于描述人或事物之间的关系。
- depend on：依赖
- Your success depends on your effort.
- care about：关心
- He doesn’t care about what others think.
- look forward to：期待
- I’m looking forward to our trip to Beijing.
- get along with：与……相处
- She gets along well with her classmates.
- run out of：用完
- We ran out of time before finishing the test.
3. 动词 + 副词 + 介词（Phrasal Verbs with Adverbs and Prepositions）
这类短语结构较为复杂，使用时需注意搭配。
- look up to：尊敬
- Students should look up to their teachers.
- pick up on：察觉到
- Did you pick up on his tone?
- come up with：提出
- He came up with a great idea for the project.
- break down：分解；崩溃
- The machine broke down during the test.
- run into：遇到
- I ran into an old friend at the supermarket.
二、动词短语的常见考点
在高考英语中，动词短语的考查形式主要有以下几种：
1. 完形填空：根据上下文选择合适的动词短语。
2. 单项选择：考察动词短语的固定搭配和语义。
3. 阅读理解：理解文中动词短语的含义。
4. 写作：恰当运用动词短语提升语言表达能力。
三、动词短语练习题
一、选择正确的动词短语完成句子：
1. She decided to ______ the job offer.
A. turn down
B. take up
C. look after
D. give in
2. We need to ______ some money for the trip.
A. save up
B. put away
C. get through
D. go over
3. He was so tired that he ______ early.
A. gave up
B. went to bed
C. fell asleep
D. turned off
4. The teacher asked us to ______ the article carefully.
A. look up
B. look after
C. look through
D. look into
5. I can’t ______ this problem by myself.
A. come up with
B. deal with
C. run into
D. look after
二、翻译下列句子：
1. 他决定放弃这个机会。
2. 我们需要为这次旅行存一些钱。
3. 她在会议上提出了一个好主意。
4. 那个机器在测试中坏了。
5. 我很期待下周的考试。
四、学习建议
1. 积累常用短语：每天记忆几个动词短语，并尝试造句。
2. 多读多听：通过阅读和听力材料熟悉动词短语的实际使用场景。
3. 注重语境：理解动词短语在不同语境下的含义差异。
4. 勤做练习：通过大量练习题加深记忆，提升应用能力。
通过系统的归纳和不断的练习，同学们可以更好地掌握高中英语中的动词短语，从而在考试中更加自信地应对相关题目，提升整体英语水平。
